What does the term "portfolio" mean in finance?

The term "portfolio" in finance specifically refers to a collection of financial investments, which can include a diverse array of assets such as stocks, bonds, commodities, and cash. This definition is crucial as portfolios are fundamental for risk management and investment strategy. By holding a variety of investments, an investor can mitigate risk – if one asset class performs poorly, other assets may perform well, thereby offsetting potential losses.

The concept of a portfolio is central to modern portfolio theory, which suggests that diversification can effectively enhance returns for a given level of risk. Investors typically construct portfolios that align with their financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon, making this understanding vital for effective financial planning and investment decision-making.

The other choices describe distinct concepts in finance, but they do not encapsulate the broad meaning of a portfolio. Insurance against financial risk, an investment strategy, or a government bond relates to specific financial instruments or approaches rather than the overarching nature of a portfolio itself.